Description
What is HPLC?
Hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis by HPLC is used to identify the different types of hemoglobin present in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein present inside the red blood cells that functions to transport oxygen to the tissues and organs of the body. This test is done to diagnose blood disorders, as a screening test for genetic conditions, and monitor treatment efficacy in patients having blood disorders. It also detects abnormal hemoglobin types which may interfere with the oxygen flow.
Why is HPLC done?
- As a part of a routine checkup
- To diagnose blood disorders
- To monitor the treatment in patients having abnormal hemoglobin
- As a screening test for genetic conditions
What does HPLC Measure?
Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis by HPLC test measures and identifies different types of hemoglobin in the blood. A human body contains various types of hemoglobin in their blood. With age, the percentage of hemoglobin present in the body changes. Hemoglobin is the protein which is present inside the red blood cells. Its function is to transport oxygen to the tissues and organs of the body.
When there is a change in DNA sequence commonly called a mutation, the production of hemoglobin gets affected. These type of changes cause abnormality in hemoglobin and the normal working of healthy hemoglobin gets defected. This will result in a decreased amount of required oxygen transported to tissues and organs.
The different types of hemoglobin included in this test are:
- Hemoglobin A – Adult hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin F is found in growing fetuses and newborns. It is soon replaced with hemoglobin A after birth. Hemoglobin A is found in children and adults. It is the most common type of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin C, D, E, M, and S are rare types of abnormal hemoglobin that occur due to genetic mutations.
Interpreting HPLC results
Interpretations
In children
| Age | Hemoglobin F |
| Newborn | 60 to 80% |
| 1+ Year | 1 to 2% |
In adults
Normal levels
| Type of Hemoglobin | Percentage |
| Hemoglobin A | 95% – 98% |
| Hemoglobin A2 | 2% – 3% |
| Hemoglobin F | 1% – 2% |
All the results should be carefully analyzed and interpreted in correlation with the patient’s signs and symptoms and other laboratory findings.
- Increased levels of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) on HPLC is associated with beta-thalassemia major. Sometimes, it can also be seen in sickle cell anemia
- High HbA2 levels are mostly associated with beta thalassemia minor or trait. Recent studies say that HbA2 level between 4% and 9% indicates beta thalassemia trait
Additional information
| Provider | Healths First, Lal Pathlab, Medcis Pathlab |
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